Journal Pharmasci (Journal of Pharmacy and Science)
type: channel
description: Journal Pharmasci (Journal of Pharmacy and Science; p-ISSN: 2527-6328, e-ISSN: 2549-3558) is a scientific, peer-reviewed and open-access journal managed and published by Akademi Farmasi Surabaya in January and July annually. Pharmasci publishes full-length original articles and reviews. The scope of the journal is pharmaceutical (clinical and community pharmacy, management of pharmacy, dosage forms formulations and pharmaceutical technology, pharmacognosy, chemical pharmacy, and biology pharmacy) and basic science (biology, microbiology, chemistry, and physics), including its application. Therefore, this journal is intended to serve scientists, pharmacists, and other medical practitioners or researchers at all levels throughout the world. Journal Pharmasci has registered as a CrossRef member. Thus, all published articles will have a unique Digital Object Identifier (DOI) number to guarantee authors regarding long-term archiving. With the DOI, all articles in Journal Pharmasci will not be affected by changes to the URL currently used. Besides, this journal is also archived in LOCKSS and PKP PN systems to maintain long-term preservation.
publisher: Akademi Farmasi Surabaya
language: en
publication name: Journal Pharmasci (Journal of Pharmacy and Science)
issn: 2527-6328
items: Study Formaldehyde Release From Personal Care Products by Chromotropic Acid Method
items: The Relationship Of The Medication Compliance With The Quality Of Life Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients With Gangrene Complications
items: Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic, and Total Flavonoid Content of Javanese Ginseng and Sidaguri Leaves
items: Physical Quality Stability Test and Antibacterial Activity Test of Face Toner Roll On Formulation of Centella Asiatica (L.) Urb. Leaf Extract Againts Propionibacterus acnes
items: Analysis of Treatment Compliance Level and the Relationship With Quality Of Life, New York Heart Association (NYHA) Classification, and Rehospitalization In Chronic Heart Failure Patients
items: Evaluation of Quality Parameters and Proximate Composition of Roselle and Butterfly Pea Flower Potential Antioxidant Sources
items: Characterization of Bacterial Isolates and Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing in General Surgery Patients
items: Bacterial Isolation Of Panulirus versicolor Gill’s Bacteria and Their Ability to Inhibit Staphylococcus aureus
items: Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract and Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Kenikir Leaves (Cosmos caudatus Kunth.) Against Propionibacterium acnes Bacteria
items: Validity Dan Reliability Of Functional Assessment Of Chronic Illness Therapy Tuberculosis (FACIT-TB) Questionnaire Indonesia Version
items: Physical Evaluation of Chamomile Kombucha Liquid Soap Fermented for 7 Days with Variations of Vegetable Oils and Aromatic Ingredients
items: Analysis of Pharmaceutical Workforce Needs using the ABK-Kes Method in the Medical Logistics Service Room at RSI Surabaya Jemursari
items: Comparison of Vitamin C Levels in Roasted Green Coconut Water and Green Coconut Water (Cocos nucifera) Using the UV-Vis Spectrophotometry Method
items: Effect Of Isopropyl Palmitate Composition As Liquid Lipid On The Physical Characteristics Of Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) Coenzyme Q10
items: Formulation And Stability Test Of Lip Cream With Active Ingredients Of Rosella Flower (Hibiscus sabdariffa) and Secang (Caesalpinia sappan)
items: The Effect of Animated Video on Diabetic Patients' Knowledge Regarding Medication Use, Side Effects, and Their Management
items: The Effect of HPMC (Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose) on the Physical Stability of Peel-Off Gel Masks Containing Aloe Vera (Aloe vera) and Moringa Leaves (Moringa oleifera L.)
items: The Effect of a Combination of Bay Leaves and Cloves in Mouthwash Preparations in the Antibacterial Activity of Streptococcus mutans
items: A Comparison of the Medication Adherence of Hypertension Patients Using the Medication Possession Ratio and Pill Count Methods at the Kembangbahu Health Center
items: Analysis Of Awareness, Perceptions, Experiences And Expectations Of The Community Towards The Role Of Pharmacy In Pharmacy X City Of Kediri
items: Effect of Suspending Agent Variation from Xanthan Gum and CMC-Na Toward Effervescent Granule Suspension Evaluation from Mangrove Crab (Scylla serrata) Shell Chitosan
items: Identification of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity Test of Ethanol and Chloroform Extracts of Olive Leaves(Olea europaea)
items: https://ejournal.akfarsurabaya.ac.id/index.php/jps/article/view/522
items: The Relationship Between Level Knowledge And Duration Of Diabetes Mellitus Type II And The Incidence Of Diabetic Ulcers At The Sahabat Sehat Clinic
items: Effect of Storage Time and Temperature of Vitamin C on Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry Method
items: Validation Of Linerity Test Method For Determination Antioxidant Activity of Ascorbic Acid By DPPH Method Using Ethanol Solvent
items: The Relationship between Medication Possession Ratio Method and Medication Adherence of Hypertension Patients at Sugio Health Center
items: Profile of Hypertension Patient Characteristics Based on Measurements Using the Hypertension Knowledge Level Scale (HKLS) Questionnaire
items: In Silico Study: Prediction of bioavailabity, toxicity, and activity clitoria ternatea as an antidandruff
items: Evaluation of Drug Related Problems (DRPs) in Hypertensive Patients at Muhammadiyah Lamongan Hospital

Study Formaldehyde Release From Personal Care Products by Chromotropic Acid Method
type: item
description: Personal care products have become an essential part of our daily routines. The presence of water in personal care product formulations can be a breeding ground for microorganisms. Therefore, preservatives are needed to prevent product deterioration. Formaldehyde and formaldehyde-releasing agents are often found as preservatives in personal care products. However, in high doses, formaldehyde has the potential to cause irritation and even cancer. Therefore, the use of formaldehyde in personal care products is limited to no more than 0,2%. The purpose of this study was to identify formaldehyde release from personal care products, both those that list formaldehyde-releasing preservatives and those that do not list formaldehyde-releasing preservatives in their ingredient lists. A semi-quantitative method using chromatotropic acid reagent was used to detect formaldehyde release from the personal care products. Based on the results of 180 products, it was found that 74 (41.1%) products contained formaldehyde with levels <0.2%, still meeting safe limits by BPOM. However, of the 74 products, there were 3 products with formaldehyde content >0.05% and did not list formaldehyde-releasing preservatives in their ingredient lists, making them dangerous for individuals with a history of formaldehyde allergies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Asam Kromatropat,
  topic: keywords
subject: Semi Kuantitatif,
  topic: keywords
subject: Formaldehid,
  topic: keywords
subject: Pelepas Formaldehid,
  topic: keywords
subject: Produk Perawatan Pribadi,
  topic: keywords
creator: Cicik Herlina Yulianti
creator: Mila Hanifah
creator: Farida Fuji Astutik
creator: Briliant Dyah Ayu Latjuba
creator: Vika Ayu Devianti
creator: Meyke Herina Syafitri
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Cicik Herlina Yulianti, Mila Hanifah, Farida Fuji Astutik, Briliant Dyah Ayu Latjuba, Vika Ayu Devianti, Meyke Herina Syafitri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
starting page: 91
ending page: 100
doi: 10.53342/pharmasci.v11i1.587

The Relationship Of The Medication Compliance With The Quality Of Life Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients With Gangrene Complications
type: item
description: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) type 2 is a serious and chronic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels. DM causes complications such as gangrene. The success of DM management is influenced by factors, patient compliance in taking medication, which can ultimately reduce morbidity and mortality and improve the patient's quality of life. This study aims to identify the relationship between medication adherence and the quality of life of type 2 DM patients with gangrene complications. Sampling was carried out using purposive sampling and there were 95 type 2 DM patients with gangrene at the Sahabat Sehat Karanggeneng Clinic. Respondents with type 2 diabetes mellitus had high compliance with taking medication, reaching 93% and the lowest compliance with taking medication, reaching 7%. Respondents with type 2 diabetes mellitus had a moderate quality of life, namely 10.52%, good 62.01% and very good, namely 27.47%. This research uses a non-experimental cross-sectional study method. Spearman-rank test was used to analyze the data. The research instrument used the MARS-10 questionnaire for medication adherence and Whoqol-Bref for quality of life. The results of the Spearman-rank p-value test were p=0.001. There is a significant relationship between adherence to taking medication and the quality of life of type 2 DM patients with gangrene complications. Effective management of type 2 DM and prevention of gangrene complications are very important to improve compliance and maintain patient quality of life.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Diabetes,
  topic: keywords
subject: Gangren,
  topic: keywords
subject: Kepatuhan,
  topic: keywords
subject: Kualitas Hidup,
  topic: keywords
subject: MARS-10,
  topic: keywords
subject: WHOQOL-BREF,
  topic: keywords
creator: Wulan Dwi Jumadi
creator: Primanitha Ria Utami
creator: Irma Susanti
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Wulan Dwi Jumadi, Primanitha Ria Utami, Irma Susanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
starting page: 1
ending page: 14
doi: 10.53342/pharmasci.v11i1.495

Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic, and Total Flavonoid Content of Javanese Ginseng and Sidaguri Leaves
type: item
description: This study aimed to determine and compare the antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content of Javanese ginseng leaves (Talinum paniculatum) and sidaguri leaves (Sida rhombifolia L.). The leaf samples were dried, ground, and extracted with ethanol using the maceration method. Total flavonoid content was determined using the quercetin reagent, while total phenolic content was measured using the Folin– Ciocalteu reagent. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH assay, and IC?? values were calculated. The results showed that the Javanese ginseng leaf extract exhibited higher antioxidant activity than sidaguri leaf extract, with IC?? values of 175 ppm and 500 ppm, respectively. The total flavonoid content of Javanese ginseng leaves was 11.653 mg QE/g, higher than that of sidaguri leaves (8.782 mg QE/g), as was the total phenolic content (6.029 mg GAE/g vs. 1.552 mg GAE/g). These differences in content and activity may be influenced by species variation, growing location, extraction method, solvent type, as well as sample storage and processing conditions. This study confirms that Javanese ginseng leaves have greater potential as a natural antioxidant source and may serve as a basis for the development of antioxidant-based herbal products.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ginseng Jawa,
  topic: keywords
subject: Sidaguri,
  topic: keywords
subject: Antioksidan,
  topic: keywords
subject: Fenolik Total,
  topic: keywords
subject: Flavonoid Total,
  topic: keywords
creator: Khoirul Ngibad
creator: Cicik Wijayanti
creator: Gaby Ayu Patricia
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Khoirul Ngibad, Cicik Wijayanti, Gaby Ayu Patricia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
starting page: 155
ending page: 164
doi: 10.53342/pharmasci.v11i1.586

Physical Quality Stability Test and Antibacterial Activity Test of Face Toner Roll On Formulation of Centella Asiatica (L.) Urb. Leaf Extract Againts Propionibacterus acnes
type: item
description: Acne affects all ages, from teenagers to adults, and is generally caused by bacteria. One of the main causes is Propionibacterium acnes, a gram-positive bacterium that lives in the skin and sebaceous follicles. Therefore, a natural solution for treating acne is gotu kola leaves, which are blended into a liquid roll-on face toner. Its flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids act as antibacterial agents against Propionibacterium acnes. This study used a laboratory experiment. The results showed that the physical stability test of gotu kola leaf extract roll-on face toner (Centella asiatica (L.) urb) in formulation 1 (7.5%), formulation 2 (10%), and formulation 3 (12.5%) successfully withstood the test, maintained stable pH and viscosity, and exhibited no significant changes in color and odor upon storage. The gotu kola leaf extract roll-on face toner demonstrated very strong antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes. Formula F3 (12.5%) had the largest inhibition zone diameter of 46.27 mm. However, based on ANOVA and post hoc tests, there was no significant difference between F2 (10%) and F3 (12.5%) compared to the positive control (sig > 0.05), so both formulas had comparable antibacterial effectiveness to the positive control.), so that both formulas had antibacterial effectiveness comparable to the positive control.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Activity
  topic: keywords
subject: Antibacterial
  topic: keywords
subject: Face Toner Roll On
  topic: keywords
subject: Propionibacterium acnes
  topic: keywords
subject: Physical Quality Stability
  topic: keywords
creator: Elpi Lutpiani
creator: Luluk Aniqoh Meliana Putri
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Elpi Lutpiani, Luluk Aniqoh Meliana Putri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
starting page: 125
ending page: 142
doi: 10.53342/pharmasci.v11i1.585

Analysis of Treatment Compliance Level and the Relationship With Quality Of Life, New York Heart Association (NYHA) Classification, and Rehospitalization In Chronic Heart Failure Patients
type: item
description: Background: Patient non-compliance with heart failure treatment is associated with increased rehospitalization, deteriorating symptoms, decreased quality of life, and death. Therefore, this study aimed to examine compliance with chronic heart failure treatment and the relationship with quality of life, New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification, and rehospitalization. Method: A cross-sectional study of chronic heart failure patients was carried out at Airlangga University Hospital (RSUA) from April to June 2023. The inclusion criteria include patients aged >18 years, signed informed consent, able to read, write, and had no difficulty communicating. Meanwhile, the exclusion criteria were chronic heart failure patients with no known history of rehospitalization. Results: The results showed that 41% of heart failure patients were compliant with RAASi, beta-blockers, MRA, and furosemide. Compliance with RAASi had a positive relationship with NYHA classification. However, a negative relationship was found between overall medication compliance and rehospitalization. There was no relationship between RAASi, beta-blockers, MRA, and furosemide compliance with the incidence of rehospitalization. Conclusion: A positive relationship was found between compliance and RAASi medication with NYHA classification, while medication compliance to the incidence of rehospitalization showed a negative relationship. Keywords: Chronic Heart Failure, Compliance, Quality of Life, NYHA Classification, Rehospitalization
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Chronic Heart Failure,
  topic: keywords
subject: Compliance,
  topic: keywords
subject: Quality Of Life,
  topic: keywords
subject: Nyha Classification,
  topic: keywords
subject: Rehospitalization,
  topic: keywords
creator: Wenny Putri Nilamsari
creator: Neni Tri Astuti
creator: Wanudya Atmajani
creator: Budi Suprapti
creator: Hendri Susilo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Wenny Putri Nilamsari, Neni Tri Astuti, Wanudya Atmajani, Budi Suprapti, Hendri Susilo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
starting page: 59
ending page: 71
doi: 10.53342/pharmasci.v11i1.565

Evaluation of Quality Parameters and Proximate Composition of Roselle and Butterfly Pea Flower Potential Antioxidant Sources
type: item
description: as raw materials in food and beverage products due to their potential antioxidant properties. The quality of crude drugs is a critical factor in determining the final quality of the preparation. This study aims to evaluate the quality of roselle flower (RF) and butterfly pea flower (BPF) crude drugs, focusing on parameters such as loss on drying, water- and ethanol-soluble extract content, and proximate composition (moisture, ash, protein, fat, and carbohydrate content). The results indicated that the loss on drying values for RF and BPF were 9.43% and 9.98%, respectively; water-soluble extract contents were 55.68% and 49.00%; and ethanol-soluble extract contents were 28.58% and 17.83%, respectively. The loss on drying as well as the water- and ethanol- soluble extract contents of RF met the standards specified in the Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia (Volume II). However, there are currently no established reference standards for the water- and ethanol-soluble extract contents of BPF. Proximate analysis revealed that RF and BPF had moisture contents of 9.11% and 10.13%, ash contents of 7.56% and 6.68%, protein contents of 7.68% and 20.71%, fat contents of 1.67% and 3.15%, and carbohydrate contents of 73.98% and 59.33%, respectively. The moisture content of BPF slightly exceeded the acceptable limit, which may be attributed to suboptimal drying conditions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Susut Pengeringan,
  topic: keywords
subject: Kadar Sari,
  topic: keywords
subject: Analisis Proksimat,
  topic: keywords
subject: Rosella,
  topic: keywords
subject: Telang,
  topic: keywords
subject: Simplisia,
  topic: keywords
creator: Meyke Herina Syafitri
creator: Frista Alprina Putri Yulianti
creator: Cicik Herlina Yulianti
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Meyke Herina Syafitri, Frista Alprina Putri Yulianti, Cicik Herlina Yulianti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
starting page: 102
ending page: 111
doi: 10.53342/pharmasci.v11i1.564

Characterization of Bacterial Isolates and Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing in General Surgery Patients
type: item
description: Antimicrobial resistance represents a critical global health challenge with disproportionate effects on resource-limited healthcare systems. Suboptimal antibiotic prescribing practices contribute to the emergence and dissemination of multidrug-resistant pathogens. This investigation sought to characterize bacterial distribution patterns and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles among general surgery patients, while examining associations between predisposing factors and resistant microorganisms. We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional observational study spanning January 2020 through June 2023, enrolling general surgery patients meeting predetermined inclusion criteria. Among 443 patients with positive bacterial cultures, the predominant isolates included coagulase-negative staphylococci (n=69, 16%), methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA; n=23, 5%), extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)- producing Escherichia coli (n=87, 24%), ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=17, 4%), non-ESBL E. coli (n=64, 14%), and non-ESBL K. pneumoniae (n=46, 10%). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that meropenem, moxifloxacin, tigecycline, and piperacillin/tazobactam demonstrated efficacy against ESBL- producing K. pneumoniae and E. coli. For MRSA isolates, effective agents included piperacillin/tazobactam, rifampicin, vancomycin, and quinupristin/dalfopristin. Ceftriaxone was the most frequently prescribed antibiotic for patients with ESBL and MRSA-positive cultures.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Pola Bakteri,
  topic: keywords
subject: Bedah Umum,
  topic: keywords
subject: Sensitivitas Antibiotik,
  topic: keywords
subject: ESBL,
  topic: keywords
subject: MRSA,
  topic: keywords
creator: Samirah
creator: Marisa Anggia Ibrahim
creator: Arief Prabowo
creator: Novita Arbianti
creator: Dewi Ramdani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Samirah, Marisa Anggia Ibrahim, Arief Prabowo, Novita Arbianti, Dewi Ramdani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
starting page: 47
ending page: 57
doi: 10.53342/pharmasci.v11i1.563

Bacterial Isolation Of Panulirus versicolor Gill’s Bacteria and Their Ability to Inhibit Staphylococcus aureus
type: item
description: Antibacteria is compounds that can be isolated from the environment or living things. One of the organisms that produce antibacteria is bacteria. The bacteria in the gills of bamboo lobsters (Panulirus versicolor) are a type of microorganism that is capable of producing antibacterials. The aim of this study is to determine the name of bacteria in lobster gills and their ability to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcu aureus. The method used in this study was automatic culture analysis (VITEK MS) and paper disk diffusion to see its antibacterial ability. The isolation results showed that there were three types of bacteria that were isolated from lobster gills, namely Staphylococcus sciuri, Staphylococcus gallinarum, and Bacillus megaterium. The three bacterial isolates were then tested for their ability to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial test results of the three isolates were only Bacillus megaterium able to produce an inhibition zone (6.52mm) with a moderate inhibition category.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: isolation
  topic: keywords
subject: inhibition zone
  topic: keywords
subject: bamboo lobster
  topic: keywords
subject: Staphylococcus aureus
  topic: keywords
creator: Lailatus Sadiyah
creator: Iis Wulandari
creator: Kinanti Ayu Puji Lesteri
creator: Farida Hayati
creator: Tridoso Sapto Agus Priyono
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Lailatus Sadiyah, Iis Wulandari, Kinanti Ayu Puji Lesteri, Farida Hayati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-07-18
publication date: 2025-07-18
starting page: 178
ending page: 182
doi: 10.53342/pharmasci.v10i2.557

Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract and Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Kenikir Leaves (Cosmos caudatus Kunth.) Against Propionibacterium acnes Bacteria
type: item
description: Propionibacterium acnes is a major bacterium responsible for acne vulgaris, a common skin condition among adolescents. Long-term use of antibiotic such as clindamycin can lead to bacterial resistances, necessitating alternative treatments from natural sources. Cosmos caudatus Kunth. (kenikir) contains antibacteri compounds like flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and terpenoids. This study aims to evaluate the antibactery activity of 70% ethanol extract and ethyl acetated fractions of kenikir leaves again Propionibacterium acnes, and to assess the effect of concentration. Extraction was carried out by maceration use 70% ethanol, followed by liquid-liquid fractionation with ethyl acetate. Antibactery activity was tested using the disc diffusion method at concentration of 50%, 75%, and 100%. The inhibition zone diameters of the extract were 13.60±0.35 mm, 14.33±0.16 mm, and 10.96±0.33 mm (strong), while the fraction yielded 9.23±0.48 mm (moderate), 10.67±0.53 mm (strong), and 14.30±0.64 mm (strong). Two-way ANOVA showed a significan differences between extract and fraction (p < 0.05). One-way ANOVA revealed a significants effects of extract concentration (p < 0.05), but no significants effect for fraction concentrations (p > 0.05). In conclusion, both extract and fraction exhibited antibacterial activity, with the fraction being more effective. Concentration influenced extract activity but not the fraction.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Antibakteri
  topic: keywords
subject: Cosmos caudatus
  topic: keywords
subject: Ekstrak etanol
  topic: keywords
subject: Fraksi etil asetat
  topic: keywords
subject: Propionibacterium acnes
  topic: keywords
creator: Dewi Perwito Sari
creator: Adelia Rahmasari
creator: Asri Wido Mukti
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dewi Perwito Sari, Adelia Rahmasari, Asri Wido Mukti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
starting page: 32
ending page: 45
doi: 10.53342/pharmasci.v11i1.553

Validity Dan Reliability Of Functional Assessment Of Chronic Illness Therapy Tuberculosis (FACIT-TB) Questionnaire Indonesia Version
type: item
description: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the infectious diseases that needs to be watched out for in Indonesia. TB affects the quality of life of patients, such as physical, social, emotional, functional and spiritual factors. Valid instrument measurements are needed to determine the quality of life of TB patients. FACIT-TB is a questionnaire used as a measurement of quality of life in TB patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of the FACIT-TB questionnaire as a valid questionnaire. This study used a quantitative method with a sample of 110 respondents at the Lamongan Regional Health Center. The results obtained were tested using the Pearson correlation test to determine its validity while for reliability it was seen with the Cronbach alpha value. The results of the validity test were declared valid with the requirement that the calculated r value > r table. The results of all FACIT-TB questionnaire questions were declared valid. The results of the reliability test used the Cronbach alpha value with the entire domain value > 0.6. Therefore, the Indonesian version of the FACIT-TB questionnaire is a valid and reliable measurement of quality of life for TB patients. Quality of life must be measured with a valid questionnaire or instrument to obtain accurate results.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: FACIT-TB
  topic: keywords
subject: Kualitas Hidup
  topic: keywords
subject: Tuberkulosis
  topic: keywords
subject: Reliabilitas,
  topic: keywords
subject: Validitas,
  topic: keywords
creator: Devi Ristian Octavia
creator: Muhammad Muflih Zaku Al-Hadi
creator: Irma Susanti
creator: Ninik Mas Ulfa
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Devi Ristian Octavia, Muhammad Muflih Zaku Al-Hadi, Irma Susanti, Ninik Mas Ulfa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
starting page: 144
ending page: 153
doi: 10.53342/pharmasci.v11i1.551

Physical Evaluation of Chamomile Kombucha Liquid Soap Fermented for 7 Days with Variations of Vegetable Oils and Aromatic Ingredients
type: item
description: Chamomile kombucha is a product obtained from the fermentation of kombucha using chamomile and a sugar as nutrient sources for the bacteria and yeast in the scoby to grow. Chamomile kombucha contains phenolic compounds and organic acids that can be utilized in cosmetics. Chamomile kombucha has the potential to be used as an active ingredient in liquid soap formulations. This research aims to evaluate the physical evaluation of the liquid soap, including foam height, pH value, and hedonic. This research using an experimental method using various concentrations of chamomile kombucha fermented for 7 days, which were added to the liquid soap formulation. The results showed that different concentrations of chamomile kombucha affected the physical characteristics of the liquid soap. FS7CL3 had the lowest pH, the highest foam height, and the most preferred aroma; FS7OM2 had the most preferred color; and FS7CL2 had the most preferred texture. The Friedman test showed significant differences between formulas for all sensory attributes (p < 0.001), and mean rank and pairwise comparison results confirmed that these formulas were the most favored by panelists.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: chamomile kombucha
  topic: keywords
subject: kombucha
  topic: keywords
subject: kombucha liquid soap
  topic: keywords
subject: physical evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: sensory evaluation
  topic: keywords
creator: Kharisma Ilmi Nabilah
creator: Kinanti Ayu Puji Lestari
creator: Fatiya Nur Azifah
creator: Jessica Aparawidya Diaksa
creator: Ana Safitri
creator: Silfiana Nisa Permatasari
creator: Lailatus Sa’diyah
creator: Eliza Stepanie Romadhona
creator: Eziah Ika Lubada
creator: Mercyska Suryandari
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Kharisma Ilmi Nabilah, Kinanti Ayu Puji Lestari, Fatiya Nur Azifah, Jessica Aparawidya Diaksa, Ana Safitri, Silfiana Nisa Permatasari, Lailatus Sa’diyah, Eliza Stepanie Romadhona, Eziah Ika Lubada https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
starting page: 73
ending page: 89
doi: 10.53342/pharmasci.v11i1.547

Analysis of Pharmaceutical Workforce Needs using the ABK-Kes Method in the Medical Logistics Service Room at RSI Surabaya Jemursari
type: item
description: Human resources are one of the factors in improving the quality of hospital services. This study aims to analyze the workforce needs in the medical logistics service room of RSI Surabaya Jemursari. The sample in this study was all medical logistics service room officers, totaling 6 people, and the main task activities of medical logistics service room officers. Data collection was carried out by observation using the time study technique to determine the time used to complete the main task activities, in-depth interviews, and document reviews. The data was then processed using the Health Workload Analysis (ABK Kes) method to calculate the optimal workforce requirements standard. The location of the study was in the medical logistics service room of RSI Surabaya Jemursari in April-May 2023. The available working time data was 112,140 minutes/year. Based on the results of the analysis, it is known that the number of officers in charge of the medical logistics service room needed is 1.02903, rounded up to 1 person, while the need for pharmaceutical technical personnel is 5.4594, rounded up to 5. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the number of employees in the medical logistics service room of RSI Jemursari Surabaya is in accordance with the personnel needed to overcome the existing workload.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Needs Analysis,
  topic: keywords
subject: Pharmaceutical Engineering Staff,
  topic: keywords
subject: ABK Kes,
  topic: keywords
creator: Silfiana Nisa
creator: Lutfiana Rakhmawati
creator: Selly Septi Fandinata
creator: Kinanti Ayu Puji Lestari
creator: Eziah Ika Lubada
creator: Lailatus Sadiyah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Silfiana Nisa, Lutfiana Rakhmawati, Selly Septi Fandinata, Kinanti Ayu Puji Lestari, Eziah Ika Lubada https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-07-08
publication date: 2025-07-08
starting page: 86
ending page: 94
doi: 10.53342/pharmasci.v10i2.367

Comparison of Vitamin C Levels in Roasted Green Coconut Water and Green Coconut Water (Cocos nucifera) Using the UV-Vis Spectrophotometry Method
type: item
description: The coconut (Cocos nucifera) is a plant known as the Tree of Life. One of the chemicals found in coconut water is vitamin C, which functions as an antioxidant. Now, a new innovation has emerged: a method of serving coconut water by burning it. The benefits of coconut water include preventing angina, muscle aches, and cholesterol. This study aimed to compare the vitamin C levels produced by roasted green coconut water and green coconut water. The method used in this study was to roast green coconuts for four hours, then analyze the vitamin C content of the coconut water using UV-Vis spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 266 nm. The method used in this study is that green coconut is burned for four hours then the coconut water is analyzed for vitamin C content using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry with a wavelength of 266 nm. The results showed that there was a significant difference between grilled green coconut water and coconut water. The highest vitamin C concentration was found in roasted green coconut water with a value of 20,784 ± 0,34 ppm. While the content of green coconut water with a value of 7,359 ± 0,04 ppm. The conclusion of this study is that vitamin C in roasted green coconut water has higher levels than green coconut water.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Air Kelapa Hijau,
  topic: keywords
subject: Air Kelapa Hijau Bakar,
  topic: keywords
subject: Vitamin C,
  topic: keywords
subject: Spektrofotometri Uv-Vis,
  topic: keywords
creator: Tridoso Sapto Agus Priyono
creator: Lintang Bismantara
creator: Carmia Dewi Salmaa
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Tridoso Sapto Agus Priyono, Lintang Bismantara, Carmia Dewi Salmaa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
starting page: 113
ending page: 123
doi: 10.53342/pharmasci.v11i1.539

Effect Of Isopropyl Palmitate Composition As Liquid Lipid On The Physical Characteristics Of Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) Coenzyme Q10
type: item
description: Coenzyme Q10 is naturally found in mitochondria, functioning as an antioxidant to protect the body from free radicals. One preparation that can increase its stability is Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC). NLC is a drug delivery system that uses a combination of solid lipids and liquid lipids stabilized by surfactants. This study aims to determine the composition of Isopropyl palmitate on the physical characteristics of the NLC Coenzyme Q10 preparation. In this study, the formulation of NLC Coenzyme Q10 preparation was made with varying concentrations of liquid lipids Isopropyl palmitate F1 2%, F2 3% and F3 4% solid lipid Cetyl palmitate 12% with the active ingredient Coenzyme Q10. The finished NLC preparation was stored for 24 hours to conduct physical characteristic tests including organoleptic tests, homogeneity, pH, and spreadability. Based on the results of organoleptic testing, the three formulas have met the specified specifications, namely having a semi- solid form, pale yellow in color and odorless, and showing good homogeneity. The test results showed that variations in the composition of isopropyl palmitate did not significantly affect the pH value or spreadability of the NLC coenzyme Q10 preparation (p>0.05). Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that differences in the composition of liquid lipids in the NLC Coenzyme Q10 preparation did not affect the physical characteristics test.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Nanostructured Lipid Carrier,
  topic: keywords
subject: Koenzim Q10,
  topic: keywords
subject: Isopropyl palmitat,
  topic: keywords
creator: Silvi Ayu Wulansari
creator: Lamtiur Nainggolan
creator: Denis Alifia Azzahro
creator: Azka Nur Khoirun
creator: Andhika Dwi Aristyawan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Silvi Ayu Wulansari, Lamtiur Nainggolan, Denis Alifia Azzahro, Azka Nur Khoirun, Andhika Dwi Aristyawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
starting page: 166
ending page: 174
doi: 10.53342/pharmasci.v11i1.540

Formulation And Stability Test Of Lip Cream With Active Ingredients Of Rosella Flower (Hibiscus sabdariffa) and Secang (Caesalpinia sappan)
type: item
description: ABSTRAK Most of the lip cream products on the market today still use synthetic dyes that may contain carcinogenic heavy metals. To address this issue, natural dyes have become a safer and more environmentally friendly choice. Sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) and roselle flowers (Hibiscus sabdariffa) are two natural ingredients known to be rich in anthocyanins, thus potentially usable as natural dyes in cosmetics. This study aims to determine the effect of the combination of sappan wood extract and roselle flower extract in lip cream formulations on the physical characteristics and stability of the products. Two formulas were tested: F1 used 1% sappan wood extract (as a control), and F2 was a combination of 1% sappan wood extract and 1% roselle flower extract. Testing included organoleptic parameters, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, and stability. The results showed that both formulas had similar aroma and texture. The color of lip cream F1 appeared pink, while F2 was brick red. Both were homogeneous and had a stable pH at 6. The spreadability of F1 was 5.9 cm and F2 was 5.4 cm, both still within acceptable ranges. However, stability testing using the freeze-thaw method over six cycles showed color changes in F1 and the appearance of granules in both formulas, indicating instability in terms of organoleptics and homogeneity. Overall, formulas F1 and F2 have the potential to be used as natural dyes in lip cream formulations, but improvements need to be made in the manufacturing method to enhance the stability of the preparations.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: lip cream,
  topic: keywords
subject: natural dye,
  topic: keywords
subject: Caesalpinia sappan L,
  topic: keywords
subject: Hibiscus sabdariffa,
  topic: keywords
creator: Wulan Aprillia Putri
creator: Eliza Romadhona
creator: Fitria Abbas Thalib
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Wulan Aprillia Putri, Eliza Romadhona, Fitria Abbas Thalib https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-07-11
publication date: 2025-07-11
starting page: 198
ending page: 204
doi: 10.53342/pharmasci.v10i2.521

The Effect of Animated Video on Diabetic Patients' Knowledge Regarding Medication Use, Side Effects, and Their Management
type: item
description: The prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus cases in Indonesia shows a rising trend. Based on Riskesdas 2018, the prevalence of DM according to the PERKENI consensus in the population >15 years old increases every year from 6.9% in 2011, 8.5% in 2015 and to 10.9% in 2018. As many as 75% of patients receive therapy OAD, 5% insulin injection, 11% OAD and insulin, and 9% untreated. According to several study reports, patient compliance in using diabetes medication is around 50%. One of the causes of patient non-compliance is the side effects of insulin therapy or OAD. This research is aimed at analyzing the provision of education with animated videos on type 2 DM patients' knowledge regarding medication use, side effects and their management. The results of the study showed that from a total sample of 40 patients, animated videos could increase patient knowledge significantly with the average value of patient knowledge before education being 38.4 ± 20.1 and after education being 85.9 ± 15.8 (p<0.05). Meanwhile, the percentage of patients who had good knowledge increased from 0% to 67.5% (p<0.05). Thus, it can be concluded that there is an increase in patient knowledge regarding the use of diabetes medications, side effects, and its management as well as related strategies for increasing compliance after education using animated video media.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Diabetes Mellitus,
  topic: keywords
subject: Education,
  topic: keywords
subject: Animated Video,
  topic: keywords
subject: Patient Knowledge,
  topic: keywords
creator: Wenny Putri Nilamsari
creator: Budi Suprapti
creator: Dewi Wara Shinta
creator: Mareta Rindang Andarsari
creator: Bambang Subakti Zulkarnain
creator: Suharjono
creator: Khusnul Fitri Hamidah
creator: Meuthia Handayani
creator: Hikma Urwatil Wusqo
creator: Wanda Maharani Putri
creator: Desi Jannati
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Wenny Putri Nilamsari, Budi Suprapti, Dewi Wara Shinta, Mareta Rindang Andarsari, Bambang Subakti Zulkarnain, Suharjono, Khusnul Fitri Hamidah, Meuthia Handayani, Hikma Urwatil Wusqo, Wanda Maharani Putri , Desi Jannati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-07-08
publication date: 2025-07-08
starting page: 184
ending page: 189
doi: 10.53342/pharmasci.v10i2.535

The Effect of HPMC (Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose) on the Physical Stability of Peel-Off Gel Masks Containing Aloe Vera (Aloe vera) and Moringa Leaves (Moringa oleifera L.)
type: item
description: P Researchers prepared the peel-off gel mask formulation, which combines Aloe vera and moringa leaf extract (Moringa oleifera L.), in three different formulas with varying concentrations of HPMC. Stability testing was conducted using the freeze-thaw method for six cycles at temperatures of 4? and 40?. Physical stability parameters evaluated included organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, and drying time. Organoleptic observations revealed color differences among the three formulas: Fm1 and Fm2 appeared dark green, while Fm3 exhibited a moss green color. No differences were observed before and after the freeze-thaw test in terms of color; however, consistency changed, becoming slightly more liquid from cycle 2 through cycle 6. Homogeneity testing showed phase separation in formulas Fm1 and Fm2 during the second cycle and in Fm3 during the fourth cycle. There were no significant differences in pH, spreadability, or drying time after undergoing the freeze-thaw stability test.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Gel Peel-off Mask,
  topic: keywords
subject: Leaf Extract Moringa and Aloe Vera,
  topic: keywords
subject: Freeze-Thaw Test,
  topic: keywords
creator: Soraya Isvandaria Devie
creator: Fitria Abbas Thalib
creator: Silvi Ayu Wulansari
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Soraya Isvandaria Devie, Fitria Abbas Thalib, Silvi Ayu Wulansari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-07-08
publication date: 2025-07-08
starting page: 168
ending page: 176
doi: 10.53342/ncmszk19

The Effect of a Combination of Bay Leaves and Cloves in Mouthwash Preparations in the Antibacterial Activity of Streptococcus mutans
type: item
description: Streptococcus mutans is a bacteria that can damage teeth. This study aims to determine the effect of the combination of bay leaf extract and clove oil in herbal mouthwash on Streptococcus mutans and to measure the inhibition zone of each formulation. Bay leaf extract was obtained through the maceration method, while the antibacterial test used the disc diffusion method. Formulation 1 contains 1% bay leaves and 5 ml of cloves; Formulation 2 has 2% bay leaves and 7.5 ml of cloves; Formulation 3 consists of 3% bay leaves and 10 ml of cloves. The positive control used Listerine, and the negative control used distilled water. The evaluation included organoleptic tests, pH, homogeneity, stability, and viscosity. The results of the organoleptic test showed a green liquid preparation with a spicy aroma and a sweet and bitter taste. All three formulations had a pH of 6.5, classified as homogeneous and stable. The viscosity test showed a range of 48.5-158.5 mPa.s. Antibacterial test showed inhibition zone in Formulation 1 of 9.33 mm, Formulation 2 of 15.49 mm, and Formulation 3 of 10.35 mm. The formulation has great potential as an alternative herbal mouthwash with strong ability to inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bay leaf,
  topic: keywords
subject: Streptococcus mutans,
  topic: keywords
subject: clove oil,
  topic: keywords
creator: Cicik Wijayanti
creator: Lyrra Mirna Amanda
creator: Nabilah Rosdiana Maulana
creator: Yuke Pramudita Sari
creator: Khoirul Ngibad
creator: Ali Abraham
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Cicik Wijayanti, Lyrra Mirna Amanda, Nabilah Rosdiana Maulana, Yuke Pramudita Sari , Khoirul Ngibad, Ali Abraham https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-07-08
publication date: 2025-07-08
starting page: 160
ending page: 166
doi: 10.53342/pharmasci.v10i2.530

A Comparison of the Medication Adherence of Hypertension Patients Using the Medication Possession Ratio and Pill Count Methods at the Kembangbahu Health Center
type: item
description: Pasien hipertensi diharuskan mengonsumsi obat setiap hari yang menyebabkan banyaknya pasien tidak mematuhi proses pengobatan sesuai yang telah dianjurkan. Kepatuhan yang rendah dapat menyebabkan risiko penyakit lain serta memperburuk keadaan pasien sehingga menyebabkan kegagalan terapi dalam proses penyembuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan kepatuhan minum obat pasien hipertensi dengan menggunakan metode MPR (Medication Possession Ratio) dan Pill Count. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dilakukan dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Pengumpulan data dilakukan secara prospektif dengan teknik sampling purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh sebanyak 150 sampel yang telah memenuhi kriteria inklusi untuk metode MPR dan pill count. Hasil penelitian kepatuhan minum obat menunjukkan bahwa menggunakan metode Pill count memiliki jumlah pasien yang patuh lebih banyak yaitu 135 pasien (90,0%) dibandingkan dengan metode MPR yaitu 117 pasien (78,0%). Hasil uji perbandingan metode MPR dengan Pill count disimpulkan bahwa nilai p = 0,002 maka terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara metode MPR dan metode Pill count terhadap kepatuhan minum obat pasien hipertensi. Banyaknya ketidakpatuhan pada metode MPR ini terdapat perbedaan pada kepatuhan metode Pill count, hal ini disebabkan pasien yang tidak patuh menebus ulang resep atau melakukan kontrol kembali ke fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan pasien masih dapat mengonsumsi obat dengan mendapatkan obat di fasilitas pelayanan kefarmasian lainnya.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Hipertensi
  topic: keywords
subject: Kepatuhan
  topic: keywords
subject: MPR
  topic: keywords
subject: Pill Count
  topic: keywords
creator: Ariska Qurrotul Aini
creator: Irma Susanti
creator: Primanitha Ria Utami
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ariska Qurrotul Aini Ariska Qurrotul Aini, Irma Susanti Irma Susanti, Primanitha Ria Utami Primanitha Ria Utami https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-02
publication date: 2026-02-02
starting page: 176
ending page: 191
doi: 10.53342/pharmasci.v11i1.491

Analysis Of Awareness, Perceptions, Experiences And Expectations Of The Community Towards The Role Of Pharmacy In Pharmacy X City Of Kediri
type: item
description: The role of pharmacists in Indonesia is still being questioned due to the lack of pharmacists in pharmaceutical services. Changes in the orientation of pharmaceutical services make the role of pharmacists very important which will give rise to various perceptions from the public. It is very important to assess community awareness, perceptions, experiences and expectations to measure the quality of pharmaceutical services provided by pharmacists. This research will identify and analyze awareness, perceptions of expectations and community experiences regarding the contribution of pharmacists in pharmaceutical services in pharmacies. Method: Using a purposive sampling technique, this non-experimental research involved 300 pharmacy visitors as participants to observe the phenomena that occurred. Data was collected by filling out a questionnaire, and then univariate descriptive analysis and scoring were carried out. After that, normality and categorization were carried out based on the median value. Results: This research shows that the majority of the public (87.33% or 262 of 300 respondents) have a good level of awareness regarding the role of pharmacists. Meanwhile, good perceptions were recorded by 64% of respondents (192 people), good experiences by 73.33% of respondents (220 people), and good expectations by 51.33% of respondents (154 people) regarding the role of pharmacists in pharmaceutical services at Pharmacy However, efforts to continue to improve the quality of pharmaceutical services are still needed to minimize the occurrence of medication errors.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Public Perception
  topic: keywords
subject: Pharmacy
  topic: keywords
subject: Role of Pharmacist,
  topic: keywords
creator: Dyah Ayu Kusumaratni
creator: Happy Kholwati Amalia
creator: Eko Yudha Prasetyo
creator: Yogi Bhakti Marhenta
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dyah Ayu Kusumaratni, Happy Kholwati Amalia, Eko Yudha Prasetyo, Yogi Bhakti Marhenta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-07-08
publication date: 2025-07-08
starting page: 143
ending page: 151
doi: 10.53342/pharmasci.v10i2.528

Effect of Suspending Agent Variation from Xanthan Gum and CMC-Na Toward Effervescent Granule Suspension Evaluation from Mangrove Crab (Scylla serrata) Shell Chitosan
type: item
description: Mangrove crab, (Scylla serrata) in the shell contains chitosan which can be used for anti-hypercholesterolemia. Chitosan synthesis procedures include demineralization, deproteination, and deacetylation. The resulting chitosan is then evaluated. The results of chitosan evaluation include organoleptic (powder, white to pale yellow, and odorless), deacetylation degree test (77.89±0.81%), yield (69.92%), ninhydrin (purple), ash content (0.2±0.09%) and water content (4.6±3.05%). This study aims to formulate Effervescent Granule Suspension using xanthan gum (F1) and CMC-Na (F2) as variations of suspending agents. The evaluation results of effervescent granules before reconstitution include the angle of repose test F1=22.31±1.53 ° and F2=24.51±1.85°, flow rate test F1=21.12±2.62 g/sec and F2=23.27±0.89 g/sec. % fines test F1=6.95±9.03% and F2=6.86±2.11%. Water content test F1=4.3±2.10% and F2=9.2±1.03%. The evaluation results after reconstitution include the foam height test F1=5±1 cm and F2=4.6±1.15 cm; dispersion time test F1=2.03±0.15 minutes and F2=3.2±0.25 minutes; Viscosity F1=1.97±0.19 mPa.S and F2=1.94±0.14 mPa.S and pH test F1=5.82 and F2=8.31. The results were then analyzed statistically. The conclusion in this study is that there is an effect of different suspending agents on the evaluation of water content, dispersion time and pH. The best Effervescent Granule Suspension Formulation is F1 with Xanthan gum suspending agent
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Chitosan
  topic: keywords
subject: Effervescent
  topic: keywords
subject: Granule suspension
  topic: keywords
subject: Mangrove crab
  topic: keywords
subject: Suspending agent
  topic: keywords
creator: Reza Cantika Hidayat
creator: Hilya Nur Imtihani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Reza Cantika Hidayat, Hilya Nur Imtihani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-07-08
publication date: 2025-07-08
starting page: 132
ending page: 140
doi: 10.53342/pharmasci.v10i2.527

Identification of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity Test of Ethanol and Chloroform Extracts of Olive Leaves(Olea europaea)
type: item
description: The objective of this study is to identify the classes of bioactive compounds present in the ethanol and chloroform extracts of olive leaves (Olea europaea), to determine the specific bioactive compounds found in the chloroform and ethanol extracts of olive leaves, and to measure the IC50 values of the ethanol and chloroform extracts of olive leaves. Olive leaves was extracted with ethanol and chloroform solvents using the maceration method. Secondary metabolite groups was studied using a phytochemical screening test. The content of bioactive compounds in ethanol and chloroform extracts of olive leaves was tested using a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) test. An antioxidant activity test was performed using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method with silymarin as a comparator. The results obtained showed that the ethanol extract of olive leaves contained secondary metabolites of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, and saponins with bioactive compounds detected in the GC-MS test, namely benzoic acid, neophytadiene, and pyrrolidine. The chloroform extract of olive leaves is capable of binding to groups of compounds such as alkaloids, terpenoids, and steroids, with neophytadiene identified as an active compound. The results of antioxidant activity tests showed that the IC50 values of the ethanol extract, chloroform extract, and silymarin were 41.9 ppm (very strong), 119.7 ppm (moderate), and 25.9 ppm (very strong), respectively. The ethanol extract demonstrated the highest effectiveness in binding compounds and groups of secondary metabolites, and exhibited very strong antioxidant activity.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Antioxidant,
  topic: keywords
subject: bioactive compound,
  topic: keywords
subject: chloroform,
  topic: keywords
subject: ethanol,
  topic: keywords
subject: Olea europaea,
  topic: keywords
subject: secondary metabolite,
  topic: keywords
creator: Junairiah Junairiah
creator: Fakhriyah Dini Aqila
creator: Edy Setiti Wida Utami
creator: Yulia Tri Nurindah Wanti
creator: Risanda Ulinnuha
creator: Nabilah Istighfari Zuraidassanaaz
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Junairiah Junairiah, Fakhriyah Dini Aqila, Edy Setiti Wida Utami, Yulia Tri Nurindah Wanti, Risanda Ulinnuha, Nabilah Istighfari Zuraidassanaaz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-07-08
publication date: 2025-07-08
starting page: 123
ending page: 130
doi: 10.53342/pharmasci.v10i2.524

https://ejournal.akfarsurabaya.ac.id/index.php/jps/article/view/522
type: item
title: Physicochemical Characteristics and Antibacterial Activity Against Propionibacterium acnes of Anti-Acne Gel from Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) and Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) Fruit Peel Extracts
description: The highest prevalence of acne vulgaris in women is around 83-85% at the age of 14-17 years, while in men it is around 95-100% at the age of 16-19 years. Factors that can cause acne include immune conditions that can affect normal skin flora, the hyperproliferation of the pilosebaceous unit, excessive sebum production, activity of inflammation, and Propionibacterium acnes. Mangosteen fruit containing ?-mangosteen has a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 1,2500mg/mL, while durian fruit has an inhibitory power of around 5-10mm and a colony count of between 50-67 colonies against Propionibacterium acnes. The synergistic effect of mangosteen and durian fruit peel extracts containing flavonoids will be formulated into a gel. The gel preparation has the advantage of being able to dry and form a shiny film layer on the skin, is non- greasy, and can provide a cooling sensation. In Formula 16, physical and chemical characteristics were evaluated, namelorganoleptic evaluation, viscosity, flow properties, spread ability, homogeneity, pH, and antibacterial activity. F10-F15 met the organoleptic specifications, F0-F15 had pseudoplastic flow properties and met the homogeneity and pH specifications. F12, F13, and F15 had inhibition zones of 2mm, and all formulas did not meet the viscosity evaluation. F0, F1, F2, F6, and F7 met the spread ability specifications. Differences in concentration can affect each physical and chemical characteristic evaluation performed, and the total combination of mangosteen and durian fruit peel extract is greater than or equal to 2% to be able to see the inhibition zones provided..
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ekstrak kulit buah manggis
  topic: keywords
subject: Ekstrak kulit buah durian
  topic: keywords
subject: Sediaan Gel
  topic: keywords
subject: Karakteristik fisika
  topic: keywords
subject: Aktivitas antibakteri
  topic: keywords
creator: Arfansya Arifien
creator: Marisca Evalina Gondokesumo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Arfansya Arifien, Marisca Evalina Gondokesumo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-07-08
publication date: 2025-07-08
starting page: 114
ending page: 121
doi: 10.53342/pharmasci.v10i2.522

The Relationship Between Level Knowledge And Duration Of Diabetes Mellitus Type II And The Incidence Of Diabetic Ulcers At The Sahabat Sehat Clinic
type: item
description: Hyperglycemia caused by decreased insulin production or the ability to secrete it is a sign of DM. The disease diabetes mellitus is not communicable (NCDs) that causes the most deaths. Complications of diabetic ulcers can occur due to poor treatment and high blood sugar levels. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between the level of knowledge about diabetes mellitus (DM) and the number of diabetic ulcers at the Sahabat Sehat Clinic, Karanggeneng District. A total of 95 type 2 diabetes patients experienced diabetic ulcers, and this study used a descriptive method with a cross-sectional approach. Using the chi-square statistical test, the data were evaluated. The results showed that the level of knowledge was 0.017 and the duration of diabetes mellitus sufferers was 0.000. The degree of knowledge has a positive correlation with The length of diabetes and the degree of knowledge mellitus sufferers with the incidence of diabetic ulcers at the Sahabat Sehat clinic. Thus, the level of knowledge can reduce the risk of complications of diabetes mellitus, while patients with diabetes mellitus who do not have enough knowledge have a higher risk.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Diabetes melitus
  topic: keywords
subject: Knowledge
  topic: keywords
subject: Duration of suffering
  topic: keywords
subject: diabetic ulcers
  topic: keywords
creator: Filza Eka Nur Sholeh
creator: Primanitha Ria Utami
creator: Sri Bintang Sahara
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Filza Eka Nur Sholeh, Primanitha Ria Utami, Sri Bintang Sahara https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-07-08
publication date: 2025-07-08
starting page: 105
ending page: 112
doi: 10.53342/pharmasci.v10i2.519

Effect of Storage Time and Temperature of Vitamin C on Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry Method
type: item
description: Background: Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is a fruit rich in water and vitamins. One of the ingredients of watermelon is vitamin C which is a water-soluble vitamin that acts as an antioxidant that is able to fight free radicals in the body. Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of shelf life and temperature of vitamin C in watermelon using the UV-Vis spectrophotometry method. Methods: The study was conducted using qualitative and quantitative analysis methods with UV-Vis spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 262 nm. The vitamin C stability test was carried out by analyzing standard solutions of 2 ppm, 4 ppm, 6 ppm, 8 ppm, and 10 ppm at 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes at room temperature and refrigerator temperature. Results: Based on the results of qualitative analysis, the positive sample contained vitamin C and there was a decrease in the absorbance value of vitamin C at room temperature. Conclusion: Vitamin C is unstable at storage time and temperature so the raw solution is made fresh when.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Watermelon Fruit,
  topic: keywords
subject: Vitamin C,
  topic: keywords
subject: UV-Vis Spectrophotometry,
  topic: keywords
creator: Asih imulda Hari Purwani
creator: Rachma Nurhayati
creator: Rosa Juwita
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Asih imulda Hari Purwani, Rachma Nurhayati, Rosa Juwita https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-07-08
publication date: 2025-07-08
starting page: 153
ending page: 158
doi: 10.53342/pharmasci.v10i2.529

Validation Of Linerity Test Method For Determination Antioxidant Activity of Ascorbic Acid By DPPH Method Using Ethanol Solvent
type: item
description: Method’s validatio is very important in research, including in the antioxidant activity test. Based on USP XXXVII 2014, antioxidant activity test is included in category III research where analytical methods are used to ensure the performance and quality of finished product. Precision is a must in this cathegory and other parameters may be needed. This research aims to test the validation of the linearity of the antioxidant activity method of ascorbic acid using DPPH with ethanol as the antioxidant testing solvent. This study used ascorbic acid samples with 96% p.a. ethanol solvent. The test was conducted by taking 10 mg of ascorbic acid with concentrations of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ppm and repeating it 3 times. The data obtained concluded that the absorbance results from replicates 1, 2, and 3 were not significantly different. As the concentration increased, the resulting absorbance decreased. The percentage decrease results from this research can be considered valid because the obtained r values are close to 1, namely replication 1 = 0.9932, replication 2 = 0.9946, replication 3 = 0.9910.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: antioxidant
  topic: keywords
subject: ascorbic acid,
  topic: keywords
subject: DPPH,
  topic: keywords
creator: Galuh Gondo Kusumo
creator: Sri Safitri
creator: Mercyska Suryandari
creator: Andhika Dwi Aristyawan
creator: Siti Annurijati Hatidja
creator: umarudin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Galuh Gondo Kusumo, Sri Safitri, Mercyska Suryandari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-01-14
publication date: 2025-01-14
starting page: 83
ending page: 86
doi: 10.53342/pharmasci.v10i1.454

The Relationship between Medication Possession Ratio Method and Medication Adherence of Hypertension Patients at Sugio Health Center
type: item
description: Adherence to antihypertension drug consumption drugs is one of the determining factors in controlling blood pressure. Good adherence to therapy can gradually influence blood pressure and prevent complications. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the MPR (Medication Possession Rasio) method and medication adherence in hypertension patients. The current research used descriptive method whit a cross sectional approach. The data were collected prospectively with purposive sampling. The results of the study obtained 154 samples of hypertension patients with or without comorbidities aged ?17 years. The results obtained 134 patients (87.0%) in the adherent category, and 20 patients (13.0%) who were not adherent to redeeming prescription. The results indicated that 147 patients (95.5%) had moderate adherence, 4 patients (2.6%) had high adherence, and 3 patients (1.9%) were in the low adherence category. The results of the test of the relationship between the MPR method and adherence to taking medication can be concluded that the p value = 0.017, so there is a significant relationship between the MPR method and adherence to taking medication with the ARMS (Adherence of Reffil Medication Scale) questionnaire. Even though there is a relationship, the level of relationship is very low because at the level of medication compliance, the majority of hypertension patients are in the moderate compliance category due to the age of the patient who experiences difficulties when filling out the questionnaire and the high risk of manipulation by the patient by choosing good answers.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Adherence,
  topic: keywords
subject: ARMS,
  topic: keywords
subject: Hypertension,
  topic: keywords
subject: MPR ,
  topic: keywords
creator: Zahrotul Wardah
creator: Irma Susanti
creator: Riana Prastiwi Handayani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Zahrotul wardah Zahrotul wardah, Irma Susanti Irma Susanti, Riana Prastiwi Handayani Riana Prastiwi Handayani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-01-09
publication date: 2025-01-09
starting page: 25
ending page: 34
doi: 10.53342/pharmasci.v10i1.490

Profile of Hypertension Patient Characteristics Based on Measurements Using the Hypertension Knowledge Level Scale (HKLS) Questionnaire
type: item
description: Hypertension is an abnormal blood pressure that can be measured in at least three different situations. Generally, if blood pressure is more than 140/90 mmHg, then a person is considered to have high blood pressure. Patient characteristics greatly influence the knowledge of hypertensive patients. Knowledge about hypertension influences the patient's own blood pressure control. This study aims to determine the level of patient knowledge about hypertension in controlling blood pressure at one of the Community Health Centers in Lamongan district. This research uses a prospective research method with a nonprobability sampling technique using Accidental Sampling. Prospective data was obtained from the results of the validated Indonesian version of the HKLS questionnaire, distributed to patients starting January-February 2024 with a total of 50 patients. The research results were analyzed descriptively, and that the number of patients with a high level of knowledge was 28 patients (56%) and 22 with low knowledge. patients (44%). The number of patients whose blood pressure was controlled was 28 (56%) and the number of patients whose blood pressure was not controlled was 22 (44%). Based on the results of research by classifying HKLS questionnaire statements, it was found that the majority of patients had a poor level of knowledge regarding lifestyle and its complications. The conclusion of this study is that the profile of patient characteristics regarding hypertension knowledge using the HKLS questionnaire in blood pressure control.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: HKLS,
  topic: keywords
subject: Antihypertension drugs,
  topic: keywords
subject: Blood Pressure,
  topic: keywords
subject: Hypertension,
  topic: keywords
creator: Ninik Mas Ulfa
creator: Latifah Agnes Susanti
creator: Tri Doso Sapto Agus Priyono
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ninik Mas Ulfa, Latifah Agnes Susanti, Tri Doso Sapto Agus Priyono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-01-09
publication date: 2025-01-09
starting page: 71
ending page: 76
doi: 10.53342/pharmasci.v10i1.502

In Silico Study: Prediction of bioavailabity, toxicity, and activity clitoria ternatea as an antidandruff
type: item
description: Dandruff is a disease caused by the fungus candida albicans. Dandruff, characterized by excessive scalp scaling, is grayish-white scattered on the hair, sometimes accompanied by itching. Dandruff affects about 50% of the world's population, with Indonesia ranking fourth in the prevalence of dandruff cases. Indonesia has a tropical climate that causes moisture, making it easier for the growth of Candida albicans fungus. One compound that can be utilized as an antifungal is telang flower. In this study, In silico method with molecular docking has been conducted. This study aims to explore the potential of bay flower kombucha as an anti-dandruff agent. The resulting compounds were further analyzed using in silico methods to predict bioavailability, toxicity, and antiketombe activity. The results of this study referring to the Journal of Functional Food the results of phytochemical screening of telang flowers by HPLC method showed that telang flowers contain active compounds such as gallic acid, kaempferol, delphinidin, epicatechin, myricetin, and quercetin which have high bioactivity potential. Bioavailability prediction revealed the result that delphinidin is the most favorable compound. Toxicity tests showed that most compounds had no significant toxic effects. Activity tests showed that some compounds had stronger binding to Candida albicans receptors compared to the drug ketoconazole. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of bay flowers as a source of effective and safe anti-dandruff compounds.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Antidandruff,
  topic: keywords
subject: Clitoria ternate,
  topic: keywords
subject: In silico,
  topic: keywords
subject: Butterfly pea flower kombucha,
  topic: keywords
subject: Toxicity,
  topic: keywords
creator: Nadya Maulana Nur Fadila
creator: Alviola Fauziyah Dewi
creator: Laili Nurul Hidayah
creator: Nabila Septi El Khumairoh
creator: Putri Febriana
creator: Safira Yulita Fazadini
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Laili, Putri, Nadya, Alviola, Nabila, Safira https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-01-09
publication date: 2025-01-09
starting page: 63
ending page: 70
doi: 10.53342/pharmasci.v10i1.481

Evaluation of Drug Related Problems (DRPs) in Hypertensive Patients at Muhammadiyah Lamongan Hospital
type: item
description: Hypertensive patients often get more than one type of drug therapy to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, the use of too many drugs has the potential to increase the incidence of Drug Related Problems (DRPs). The incidence of DRPs resulted in an increase in health care costs and hospitalizations, length of hospital stay, decreased quality of life, and increased mortality rates. This study aims to discover the Drug Related Problems (DRPs) that occur in hypertension patients at Muhammadiyah Lamongan Hospital. Determination of DRPs based on the classification of Drug Related Problems (DRPs) according to PCNE V9.1 of 2020. This study is a descriptive observational research with retrospective data collection using purposive sampling. The instrument used was an observation sheet. The sample in this study was hypertension patients at Muhammadiyah Lamongan Hospital in August-October 2023 who met the inclusion criteria, namely prescriptions and medical record data of outpatients with a diagnosis of hypertension at Muhammadiyah Lamongan Hospital in August-October 2023, outpatients aged ?18 years and hypertensive patients with or without comorbidities with a total of 132 patients. The results showed that of the 19 categories of DRPs studied, 6 categories of DRPs were found to occur, namely adverse drug events (probably) occurred in as many as 132 events (45.67%), inappropriate drug combinations occurred as many as 124 events (42.91%), treatment was not given or incomplete even though there were indications for 18 events (6.23%), no indications for drugs 9 events (3.11%), The duration of treatment was too short for 5 events (1.73%), and the duration of treatment was too long for 1 event (0.35%). From the results of the study, it was concluded that the treatment obtained by hypertensive patients can cause various types of DRP events. This requires special attention so as not to increase the risk of medication errors.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Hypertension,
  topic: keywords
subject: Drug Related Problems (DRPs),
  topic: keywords
subject: Muhammadiyah Lamongan Hospital,
  topic: keywords
creator: Novi Ayu Samodyaning Tyas
creator: Irma Susanti
creator: Riana Prastiwi Handayani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Novi Ayu Samodyaning Tyas, Irma Susanti, Riana Prastiwi Handayani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-01-09
publication date: 2025-01-09
starting page: 1
ending page: 12
doi: 10.53342/pharmasci.v10i1.487