Formulation and Activity Testing of Paper Soap Extracted from Lerak Fruit (Sapindus rarak DC) Against the Growth of Staphylococcus aureus
Formulasi dan Uji Aktivitas Sabun Kertas Ekstrak Buah Lerak (Sapindus rarak DC) terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53342/pharmasci.v11i2.562Keywords:
Sabun kertas,, Buah lerak,, Sapindus rarak DC,, Antibakteri,, Staphylococcus aureus,Abstract
Infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus can occur due to poor hand hygiene. One of preventive solution is the use of soap containing natural antibacterial ingredients, such as soapnut. Soapnut (Sapindus rarak DC) contains active compounds such as saponin, alkaloid, steroid, anthraquinone, tanin, phenol, flavonoid, and essensial oil. This study aims to formulate paper soap using a 70% ethanol extract of soapnut and test its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The method used was a laboratory experiment with three paper soap formulas containing lerak fruit extract at concentrations of 40% (F1), 50% (F2), and 60% (F3). The evaluation of the formulations included organoleptic testing, pH measurement, foam height, hedonic testing, and antibacterial activity testing using the disk diffusion method. The results showed that all formulations met the physical characteristics of paper soap. Hedonic testing indicated that F3 was the most preferred by the panelists in terms of color, aroma, and texture. Antibacterial activity was indicated by inhibition zones in all formulations, with F1, F2, and F3 showing moderate inhibition zones. In conclusion, paper soap made from lerak fruit extract can be formulated effectively and exhibits antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, with the best formulation 60% concentration.
References
1. Zahki, M. Efektifitas Antibakteri Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder Pada Beberapa Tanaman Obat Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus Antibacterial Effectiveness of Secondary Metabolite Compounds in Some Medicine Plants on The Growth of Staphylococcus aureus B. 2023; 2(2):pp. 1–6.
2. Ambarwati, N. Pramushinta IAK., Hasanah N., Mauliddina SD. Formulasi dan Uji Karakteristik Sabun Cair dengan Menggunakan Ekstrak Buah Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa). MPI (Media Pharmaceutica Indonesiana). 2025;7(1 SE-Original Research Articles):pp. 74–84.
3. Jayani, N.I.E., Kartini, K. and Basirah, N. Formulasi Sediaan Sabun Cuci Tangan Ekstrak Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia) dan Efektivitasnya sebagai Antiseptik. MPI (Media Pharmaceutica Indonesiana). 2017;1(4):pp. 222–229.
4. Riza, N.A. Uji Aktiviatas Ekstrak Etanol Buah Lerak ( Sapindus rarak ) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Malang: Akademik Farmasi Putra Indonesia. 2018.
5. Pramusinta, I. Potential Extract of Lerak Fruit (Sapindus Rarak), Pegagan (Centella Asiatica) Mimba Seed (Azadirachta Indica A.Juss) and Mixing of Third Extract to Motility and Viability of Spermatozoa Guinea Pigs (Cavia Porcellus). International Journal Of Health & Medical Research. 2023;02(06):pp. 141–146.
6. Efendy, M. Inovasi Sabun Cair Buah Lerak yang Aman dan Berkualitas. Prosiding Patriot Mengabdi. 2024;3(01):pp. 873–883.
7. Ardinata, N. Formulasi Sediaan Hand Soap Dari Buah Lerak (Sapindus rarak DC) Dengan Variasi Na-CMC. Jurnal Ilmiah Pharmacy. 2023;10(2):pp. 99–106.
8. Adlina, salsabila. Formulasi Dan Uji Aktivitas Sediaan Sabun Kertas Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius) Sebagai Antibakteri. pharmacoscript. 2023;6(1):pp. 22–30.
9. Poerwanto, W.A. Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol, Etil Asetat, Dan N-Heksana Buah Lerak (Sapindus rarak) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus Dan Escherichia coli. Malang: Univrsitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim; 2023.
10. Widowati, R., Firdaus Ramdani, M. and Handayani, S. Senyawa Fitokimia dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Buah Lerak (Sapindus rarak) terhadap Tiga Bakteri Penyebab Infeksi Nosokomial. Jurnal Penelitian Kesehatan Suara Forikes. 2022;13(3):pp. 649–654.
11. Ernawaningtyas, E. dan Yulinar, A.W. Uji Mutu Cookies Dengan Bahan Tambahan Tepung Kulit Pisang Raja (Musa sapientum) Meliputi Uji Organoleptik, Protein, Karbohidrat, Kadar Air, Kadar Abu. MEDFARM: Jurnal Farmasi dan Kesehatan. 2029;8(2):pp. 32–37.
12. Wandira, A. Menganalisis Pengujian Kadar Air Dari Berbagai Simplisia Bahan Alam Menggunakan Metode Gravimetri. Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan. 2023;9(17):pp. 190–193.
13. Najib, A. Malik A., Ahmad AR., Handayani V., Syarif RA., Waris R. Standarisasi Ekstrak Air Daun Jati Belanda Dan Teh Hijau. Jurnal Fitofarmaka Indonesia. 2017;4(2):pp. 241–245.
14. Nurrosyidah, I.H., Putri, E.N. and Satria, B.A Formulasi Deterjen Ramah Lingkungan Dengan Serbuk Simplisia Daun Waru (Hibiscus tilliaceus L.) Dan Buah Lerak (Sapindus rarak DC.) Sebagai Surfaktan. Jurnal Riset Kefarmasian Indonesia. 2023;5(1):pp. 146–155.
15. Kasenda, J.C., Yamlean, P.V.Y. and Lolo, W.A. Formulasi dan Pengujian Aktivitas Antibakteri Sabun Cair Ekstrak Etanol Daun Ekor Kucing (Acalypha hispida Burm. F) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. PHARMACON Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi. 2016;5(3):pp. 40–47.
16. Hawa, L.C., Nada, U.Q. dan Sumarlan, S.H. Karakteristik sifat fisikokimia sabun cuci cair menggunakan sari lerak sebagai surfaktan alami. Agrointek : Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian. 2023;17(1):pp. 213–223.
17. Verawaty, V., Dewi, I.P. and Wela, W. Formulasi dan Evaluasi Sabun Kertas Katekin sebagai Antiseptik. PHARMACY: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia (Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia). 2020;17(2):pp. 514.
18. Nurrosyidah, I.H., Putri, E.N., Klau, I.C.S., et al. Formulasi Deterjen Eco-Friendly Ekstrak Etanol Biji Buah Lerak (Sapindus rarak DC) Kombinasi Surfaktan Decyl Glucoside dan Lauryl Glucoside. Camellia : Clinical, Pharmaceutical, Analytical and Pharmacy Community Journal. 2023;2(1):pp. 84–91.
19. Husain, D.R. and Wardhani, R. Bakteri Endosimbion Cacing Tanah: Kajian Potensi Antibakteri Secara In Vitro Dan
In Silico, Yogyakarta: Deepublish. 2021.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Eka Putri Mauliddya, Nadya Ambarwati, Fikria Marfuatin Nur

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.







